For most of the past two decades, the assumption baked into how we talked about the internet was that it would push power downwards. Social media would route around gatekeepers, information would be harder to control, and citizens would end up with more leverage over states than they had before. The Arab Spring seemed to confirm it. That is not the world we are living in now. What we have instead is a steady consolidation of control by states, and by a small number of compani